Python File Handling

Mode	Meaning
"r"	Read (default); error if file is missing
"w"	Write; creates or overwrites the file
"a"	Append to the end of the file
"x"	Create; error if the file exists
"b" / "t"	Binary / text (combine, e.g. "rb")

Python

with open("notes.txt", "w") as f:       # 'with' closes the file automatically
    f.write("Line 1\nLine 2\n")

with open("notes.txt", "a") as f:
    f.write("Line 3\n")

with open("notes.txt") as f:
    for no, line in enumerate(f, 1):
        print(no, line.strip())

1 Line 1 2 Line 2 3 Line 3

Reading a CSV File

Python

import csv
with open("marks.csv") as f:
    for row in csv.DictReader(f):
        print(row["name"], row["marks"])

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